VIDEO FOR ENERGY

What is energy?

Types of energy

Where energy come from?

SOURCES OF ENERGY

1. The Sun is the main source of energy.

The Sun gives out heat and light energy.

 2. Living things obtain energy either directly or indirectly from the Sun.

Green Plants

Green plants use the light energy from the Sun to make food.

Wind, Rain and Waves

Heat from the Sun influences the weather and climate on Earth, giving rise to wind, rain and waves.

Human and Animals

Energy from the plants is transferred to animals and humans when they eat the plants.

 Natural gas, Coal and Petroleum

Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago

 Batteries

Batteries can store energy which produces electricity.

USES OF ENERGY

1. Energy is the ability to do work.
2. All living things need energy to carry out life processes such as moving, breathing and growing.

growing

3. We also need energy to carry out our daily activities such as walking, running, carrying things and playing.
4. Energy is needed to make non-living things move and work.

Energy makes the objects move

moving

bouncing

Energy changes the state of the objects

melting

boiling

FUNNY GAME

ANIMALS OF THE WORLD

http://www.kidscom.com/games/animal/animal.html

EXERCISE ( SURVIVAL OF THE SPECIES)

1.What is meant by a species?

    A. A group of animals that live in the same habitat.
    B. A group of living things that have similar eating habits.
    C. A group of a similar type of living things that can breed among themselves to produce fertile young.
    D. A group of a similar type of living things that live in group to protect themselves from predators.

2. Diagram 1 shows a zebra and an elephant.

Diagram 1

 Which statement about the animals is not true?

    A. They stay in groups to help one another.
    B. They protect their young from predators.
    C. The mothers suckle their young.
    D. The young live in group of their own.

3. * Gives birth to its young.
    * Nurtures and cares for its young.
    * Suckles its young.

Which animal does not have the above ways to ensure the survival of its species?

    A. A monkey     B. A penguin     C. A dolphin     D. A whale

4. Diagram 2 shows a turtle laying eggs on a sandy beach.

                                                                        Diagram 2
 How do turtles ensure the eggs are safe?
   I     They lay eggs at night.
  II     They incubate their eggs until they hatch.
 III     They carry their eggs with them.
 IV     They bury their eggs in the sand.

    A. I and IV only     B. II and III only    C. I, II and III only    D. I, II and IV only

5. Diagram 3 shows a kangaroo.

                                                                        Diagram 3

How do kangaroos take care of their young?
    I     Carry them in their pouches.
    II    Suckle their young.
   III   Hide them in the cave.

    A. I and II only     B. I and III only     C II and III only    D. I, II and III

6.

                                                                         Diagram 4

What do the activities in Diagram 4 show?

    A. Competition    B. Preservation     C. Conservation    D. Survival of the species

7.

                                                                      Diagram 5

Which plant disperses its seeds in the same way as the fruit in Diagram 5?

  

    A. Ladies' finger     B. Watermelon     C. Snow pea     D. Coconut

8. 

                                                                                  X

                                                                                 Y
                                                                          Diagram 6
How are the fruits and seeds of X and Y dispersed?
                  X                                      Y
    A.           Wind                                Water
    B.           Water                               Wind
    C.           Animals                            Water
    D.           Animals                   Explosive mechanism

Answer: 
1. C    2. D     3. B      4. A      5. A      6. D      7. B      8. A

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SURVIVAL OF THE SPECIES

1. Animals and plants are a source of resources such as food, raw materials, fuels, herbs and medicines.
2. All animals need food to survive. An animals species can be a food source to another.
3. If some species of animals and plants become extinct, other species may also face extinction.
4. When this happens, we will face a shortage of resources.
5. The survival of humans also depends on the survival of animals and plants. We cannot live without them.

REVISION

• Besides mammals, birds, some reptiles( crocodile, snakes) and certain fish take care of their eggs and young.
• The tilapia fish carries its eggs in its mouth until they hatch into small fish.

•  A father penguin withstands the extreme cold of the Antarctic for 60 days to incubate its egg by keeping it on its feet.  It loses a lot of weight to keep the egg safe. The mother hunts for food.

• To ensure the survival of the species, animals 

           * lay eggs or give birth to young.

           * keep the eggs in safe places.

           * take care of their eggs and young.

• The main function of seeds is to ensure that the plant species continues to exist.
• The dispersal of seeds and fruits ensures the survival of the species.

Test Yourself:

1. The diagram below shows an activity of an animals.

What is the purpose of these activities?

A. Preservation

B. Conservation

C. Competition

D. Survival of the species

Explanation

A bird incubates the eggs so that the eggs will hatch. It then feeds the chicks so that the species continues to exist.

Answer: D

2. The diagram below shows the fruit of a plants.

Which plant disperses its fruit in the same way as the above plant?

A. Love grass

B. Dandelion

C. Coconut

D. Guava

Explanation:

• The lallang fruit has fine hairs. It is dispersed by wind.
• Love grass has hooks. It is dispersed by animals.
• The dandelion seeds have fine hairs. It is dispersed by wind.
• The coconut can float. It is dispersed by water.
• The guava has a fleshy and edible fruit. It is disperse by animals.

Answer: B

VARIOUS WAYS PLANTS DISPERSE THEIR SEEDS AND FRUITS

1. Seeds and fruits can be dispersed by
(a) water
(b) wind
(c) animals
(d) an explosive mechanism

2. The seeds and fruits have special characteristics which help the agent to disperse the seeds.

Water

• Some plants disperse their fruits and seeds with the help of water. These plants live near seas, rivers and marshes.
• The fruits have waxy and waterproof coverings to prevent water from entering the fruits.
• Air spaces enable the fruits to float in the water.

• The lotus fruit is light, spongy, and has air spaces.

• The pong-pong tree lives near water and its fruits have waxy skins.

• The coconut fruit is covered by a waxy skin. It has a husk that can trap air and  a very hard shell.

• The seeds of mangrove trees germinate when they are still attached to the parent tree.
•   The seedlings float in the water and are then washed up on the sand.

Wind

* angsana have dry walls shaped like wings.

*dandelion seeds have fine hairs.

* cotton seeds are very light.

Characteristics of the seeds or fruits:

• Small
• Light
• Dry
• Wing-lie structure
• Fine hairs

Other examples: petrea and clematis fruits, frangipani seeds

Explosive mechanism

    

                balsam plant

  

     * Dry and hard when ripe

    * When matured, the fruit wall will split and curl suddenly, throwing the seeds out.                                                                                                                               

                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                               ladies' finger

Animals

Characteristics

• Big seeds
• Brightly coloured fruits
• Fragrant
• Fleshy fruits
• Edible

* Eat the fruits but discard the seeds.

Examples:

Characteristics

• Small seeds
• Hard seeds
• Fragrant
• Fleshy fruits
• Edible
• Brightly coloured fruits

* Eat the fruits as well as the seeds and pass out the seeds in the faeces.

Examples:

Characteristics

• Dry
• Have hooks
• Not edible
• Light
• Have spines

* Transport fruits that stick to the body of the animals.

Examples:

                                                                                              mimosa

love grass